Shaḥādah in Syariah court evidence statutes in Malaysia: its foundation and legal sources
Syahadah dalam statut keterangan mahkamah syariah di Malaysia: asas dan sumber perundangan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v2i1.25Keywords:
syahadah, statut keterangan mahkamah syariah, keadilan, bayyinah, asas, sumber perundanganAbstract
Shahādah or testimony, is one of the strong types of evidence like an admission that should be reported by fulfilling the strict conditions without ignoring the elements of justice and public interest. Shahādah as provided in the Malaysian Syariah Court Evidence Statutes (SCES), is derived from the results of a detailed study of the lawmakers on Syariah legal rulings and the books of fiqh on various mazhab to fit in SCES. This is in contrast with other provisions that were adapted from the Malaysian Evidence Act 1950, like documentary evidence, examination of witnesses, and qarīnah through the process of modifying civil law with the principles of Islamic law of evidence. As shahādah in SCES was derived from Islamic law and the fiqh books, the issue arises when the conditions of shahādah seem to be quite difficult to fulfill to be admissible. Hence, most of the evidence tendered and testified in the Syariah court is only accepted as bayyinah by adopting the view of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. This study analyzes the foundation and source of codifying the relevant provisions of shahādah in SCES Malaysia. Based on interviews and library research, the authors found that shahādah under SCES refers basically to the Islamic legal rulings, which mostly come from Shāfi‘ī mazhab also known as the main reference of Islamic law in Malaysia. However, by resorting to the flexible approach of selecting views from various Islamic schools of law to fit in SCES, other views of fiqh are also acceptable in some situations.
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